It is believed that new types of computing machines will be constructed to exploit quantum mechanics for an exponential speed advantage in solving certain problems compared with classical computers 9.

Central Limit Theorem: A sampling distribution of the mean is approximately normally distributed if the sample size is sufficiently large. This is true no matter what the population distribution is.

Small-scale quantum computers made from an array of interconnected waveguides on a glass chip can now perform a task that is considered hard to undertake on a large scale by classical means. Although ...